Signals Intelligence Defined
Intelligence is info gathered within or outside the U.S. that involves threats to our nation, its individuals, property, or interests; development, proliferation, or use of weapons of mass destruction; and every other matter bearing on the U.S. nationwide or homeland security. Intelligence can provide insights not available elsewhere that warn of potential threats and opportunities, assess probable outcomes of proposed policy options, provide leadership profiles on overseas officers, and inform official vacationers of counterintelligence and security threats.
The U.S. Intelligence Community is a federation of executive branch agencies and organizations that work separately and together to conduct intelligence activities essential for the conduct of international relations and the protection of the national security of the United States. The IC remains centered on the missions of cyber intelligence, counterterrorism, counterproliferation, counterintelligence, and on the threats posed by state and non-state actors challenging U.S. national security and pursuits worldwide.
Customers
The National Security Act of 1947, as amended, defines the Intelligence Community's customers as:
The President
National Security Council
Heads of Departments and Companies of the Executive Branch
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Employees and senior military commanders
Congress
Types of Intelligence
The intelligence cycle is a process of collecting info and growing it into intelligence to be used by IC customers. The steps within the process are direction, collection, processing, exploitation, and dissemination.
IC products can either be based on a single type of collection or "all-supply," that is, primarily based upon all available types of collection. IC products additionally may be produced by one IC factor or coordinated with other IC elements, and delivered to IC clients in various codecs, including papers, digital media, briefings, maps, graphics, movies, and different distribution methods.
There are six primary intelligence sources, or collection disciplines:
SIGINT—Signals intelligence is derived from signal intercepts comprising -- nevertheless transmitted -- either individually or together: all communications intelligence (COMINT), digital intelligence (ELINT) and international instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). The National Security Agency is liable for amassing, processing, and reporting SIGINT. The National SIGINT Committee within NSA advises the Director, NSA, and the DNI on SIGINT coverage issues and manages the SIGINT necessities system.
IMINT—Imagery Intelligence contains representations of objects reproduced electronically or by optical means on film, digital display devices, or different media. Imagery can be derived from visual pictures, radar sensors, and electro-optics. NGA is the manager for all imagery intelligence activities, both labeled and unclassified, within the government, together with necessities, collection, processing, exploitation, dissemination, archiving, and retrieval.
MASINT—Measurement and Signature Intelligence is info produced by quantitative and qualitative evaluation of physical attributes of targets and events to characterize, find, and determine them. MASINT exploits quite a lot of phenomenologies, from quite a lot of sensors and platforms, to help signature development and analysis, to perform technical analysis, and to detect, characterize, find and establish targets and events. MASINT is derived from specialized, technically-derived measurements of physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or event and it consists of using quantitative signatures to interpret the data. The Director of DIA is both the "Intelligence Community Functional Manager for MASINT" and the "DOD MASINT Manager." The National MASINT Office (NMO) manages and executes MASINT companies of common concern and related activities for the D/DIA in response to National and Department of Protection requirements.
HUMINT—Human intelligence is derived from human sources. To the public, HUMINT stays synonymous with espionage and clandestine activities; nevertheless, most of HUMINT collection is performed by overt collectors equivalent to strategic debriefers and military attaches. It is the oldest technique for collecting info, and till the technical revolution of the mid- to late twentieth century, it was the primary supply of intelligence.
OSINT—Open-Source Intelligence is publicly available information showing in print or electronic type including radio, television, newspapers, journals, the Internet, commercial databases, and videos, graphics, and drawings. While open-source collection responsibilities are broadly distributed via the IC, the foremost collectors are the DNI's Open Supply Center (OSC) and the National Air and Area Intelligence Center (NASIC).
GEOINT—Geospatial Intelligence is the analysis and visual representation of security associated activities on the earth. It is produced through an integration of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information.
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The U.S. Intelligence Community is a federation of executive branch agencies and organizations that work separately and together to conduct intelligence activities essential for the conduct of international relations and the protection of the national security of the United States. The IC remains centered on the missions of cyber intelligence, counterterrorism, counterproliferation, counterintelligence, and on the threats posed by state and non-state actors challenging U.S. national security and pursuits worldwide.
Customers
The National Security Act of 1947, as amended, defines the Intelligence Community's customers as:
The President
National Security Council
Heads of Departments and Companies of the Executive Branch
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Employees and senior military commanders
Congress
Types of Intelligence
The intelligence cycle is a process of collecting info and growing it into intelligence to be used by IC customers. The steps within the process are direction, collection, processing, exploitation, and dissemination.
IC products can either be based on a single type of collection or "all-supply," that is, primarily based upon all available types of collection. IC products additionally may be produced by one IC factor or coordinated with other IC elements, and delivered to IC clients in various codecs, including papers, digital media, briefings, maps, graphics, movies, and different distribution methods.
There are six primary intelligence sources, or collection disciplines:
SIGINT—Signals intelligence is derived from signal intercepts comprising -- nevertheless transmitted -- either individually or together: all communications intelligence (COMINT), digital intelligence (ELINT) and international instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). The National Security Agency is liable for amassing, processing, and reporting SIGINT. The National SIGINT Committee within NSA advises the Director, NSA, and the DNI on SIGINT coverage issues and manages the SIGINT necessities system.
IMINT—Imagery Intelligence contains representations of objects reproduced electronically or by optical means on film, digital display devices, or different media. Imagery can be derived from visual pictures, radar sensors, and electro-optics. NGA is the manager for all imagery intelligence activities, both labeled and unclassified, within the government, together with necessities, collection, processing, exploitation, dissemination, archiving, and retrieval.
MASINT—Measurement and Signature Intelligence is info produced by quantitative and qualitative evaluation of physical attributes of targets and events to characterize, find, and determine them. MASINT exploits quite a lot of phenomenologies, from quite a lot of sensors and platforms, to help signature development and analysis, to perform technical analysis, and to detect, characterize, find and establish targets and events. MASINT is derived from specialized, technically-derived measurements of physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or event and it consists of using quantitative signatures to interpret the data. The Director of DIA is both the "Intelligence Community Functional Manager for MASINT" and the "DOD MASINT Manager." The National MASINT Office (NMO) manages and executes MASINT companies of common concern and related activities for the D/DIA in response to National and Department of Protection requirements.
HUMINT—Human intelligence is derived from human sources. To the public, HUMINT stays synonymous with espionage and clandestine activities; nevertheless, most of HUMINT collection is performed by overt collectors equivalent to strategic debriefers and military attaches. It is the oldest technique for collecting info, and till the technical revolution of the mid- to late twentieth century, it was the primary supply of intelligence.
OSINT—Open-Source Intelligence is publicly available information showing in print or electronic type including radio, television, newspapers, journals, the Internet, commercial databases, and videos, graphics, and drawings. While open-source collection responsibilities are broadly distributed via the IC, the foremost collectors are the DNI's Open Supply Center (OSC) and the National Air and Area Intelligence Center (NASIC).
GEOINT—Geospatial Intelligence is the analysis and visual representation of security associated activities on the earth. It is produced through an integration of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information.
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